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| Study 1 | Skin Health & Anti Aging |
|---|---|
| Title | Reverse skin aging signs by red light photobiomodulation |
| Authors | Virginie Couturaud et al. |
| Journal | Skin Research and Technology |
| Publication Date | July 2023 |
| Summary | This clinical study on 20 women demonstrated that red LED light (630 nm) applied twice weekly for 3 months reduced crow’s feet wrinkles, improved skin firmness and elasticity, increased dermal density, enhanced complexion homogeneity, reduced pore size, and regulated sebum production. Results were progressive and lasted up to a month after treatment, indicating structural skin rejuvenation through increased ATP, growth factors, and reduced oxidative stress.  |
| Study 2 | Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Pain Relief |
|---|---|
| Title | Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation |
| Authors | Michael R. Hamblin |
| Journal | AIMS Biophysics |
| Publication Date | May 2017 |
| Summary | This review explains how red/near-infrared light absorption by cytochrome c oxidase boosts ATP, nitric oxide, and antioxidant defenses while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. It shows benefits in lowering inflammatory markers in joints, traumatic injuries, lungs, brain, spinal cord, and abdominal fat, with applications for pain relief and healing in various models, following a biphasic dose response.  |
| Study 3 | Cognitive Function and Brain Health |
|---|---|
| Title | Advances in photobiomodulation for cognitive improvement by near-infrared derived multiple strategies |
| Authors | Wei-Tong Pan, Pan-Miao Liu, Daqing Ma, Jian-Jun Yang |
| Journal | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Publication Date | February 2023 |
| Summary | This article discusses how near-infrared photobiomodulation stimulates brain activity to improve cognitive function in neuropathological conditions. It highlights techniques like combining light with photosensitive nanoparticles for deeper penetration, showing efficacy in regulating neural activity, enhancing cognition, and providing a noninvasive approach for brain disorders.  |
| Study 4 | Wound Healing, Pain Relief, and Quality of Life in Diabetes |
|---|---|
| Title | Photobiomodulation therapy in diabetes: Benefits for pain relief, quality of life, and wound healing |
| Authors | Victória Regina da Silva Oliveira et al. |
| Journal | Photochemistry and Photobiology |
| Publication Date | January 2025 (Epub ahead of print) |
| Summary | In a study of 20 type 2 diabetes patients, 660 nm red light applied twice weekly for 7 weeks to lower limb wounds improved sensory function, reduced neuropathic pain, enhanced quality of life, lowered anxiety/depression, and accelerated healing. In vitro findings showed increased cell proliferation via ERK signaling and modulation of matrix metalloproteinases.  |
| Study 5 | Neuronal Protection and Energy Metabolism |
|---|---|
| Title | Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins: role of cytochrome c oxidase |
| Authors | Margaret T. T. Wong-Riley et al. |
| Journal | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Publication Date | February 2005 |
| Summary | Using cultured neurons, this study found that near-infrared light (especially 670 nm and 830 nm) upregulated cytochrome c oxidase to restore ATP levels and reduce cell death caused by toxins like cyanide. It provided protection against neuronal inactivation, with optimal wavelengths matching the enzyme’s absorption spectrum, supporting its role in wound healing and metabolic enhancement.  |